Calcium fluoride is an excellent optical material with high transmittance in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. In the visible light range, the transmittance of calcium fluoride can reach over 90%, with a wavelength range from 400nm to 700nm. In the near-infrared spectral region, the transmittance of calcium fluoride remains between 70% and 80%. This excellent transparency performance has led to the widespread application of calcium fluoride in optical devices, laser crystals, and optical fibers.
In addition, calcium fluoride crystals have excellent properties such as high coefficient of thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity, low hardness, strong resistance to chemical erosion, high laser damage threshold, low stress birefringence, and small variation of refractive index with temperature and wavelength. Its crystal structure is an equiaxed crystal system, which can be presented as a cube, octahedron, or dodecahedron. Colorless crystalline or white powdered calcium fluoride may have a slight green or purple hue when impurities are present in its natural ore.
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